Cognitive Function and Nutrition
نویسندگان
چکیده
The number of people living with dementia worldwide has been estimated at 35.6 million in 2010 and is thought to double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050. The total number of new cases of dementia each year worldwide is nearly 7.7 million, implying one new case every four seconds (1). The total estimated worldwide costs of dementia were 604 billion dollars in 2010 (2). The high global prevalence, the economic impact of dementia upon families, and the associated stigma represent a significant public health challenge. Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide. Often under-diagnosed, dementia is a syndrome of more than fifty etiologies that impairs cognitive function in a severe and progressive manner. The disturbances of cognition are often accompanied by affective and behavioural problems, ranging from depressive mood, anxiety to agitation, aggression, and even psychotic symptoms. Out of all the possible etiological factors, the most common type is the one caused by Alzheimer's disease, accounting for approximately 60% of all dementias, followed, in order of frequency, by vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Much more common are the mixed pathologies, meaning a combination of Alzheimer's disease and VaD or Alzheimer's disease and DLB (3).. Mortality associated with dementia is high. One of the most comprehensive studies in the field estimated median survival with Alzheimer's disease at 7.1 year and 3.9 years for VaD (4). So far, the main goals in dementia care focus on early diagnosis, detecting and treating associated behavioural and psychological symptoms. Primary prevention is essential, but the evidence regarding modifiable risk factors for dementia is limited. Given the fact that the neurodegeneration may precede the onset of dementia, multiple studies have suggested different ways to prevent it. Therefore, it is considered that preventing and treating vascular disease, including diabetes,
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